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Nearly every protection-related instruction -- far CALL, far JMP, far RET, INT, IRET, MOV to segment register, task switch -- needs to load a segment descriptor from the GDT or LDT. The 386 microcode centralizes this into a shared subroutine called LD_DESCRIPTOR, which reads the 8-byte descriptor from memory and feeds the high DWORD (containing Type, DPL, S, and P bits) to the Test PLA for validation.
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If the number of candidates for each pixel grows too large (as is common in algorithms such as Knoll and Yliluoma) then sorting the candidate list for every pixel can have a significant impact on performance. A solution is to instead sort the palette in advance and keep a separate tally of weights for every palette colour. The weights can then be accumulated by iterating linearly through the tally of sorted colours.